The paper follows an in-depth study in 2020 in which CEP, commissioned by the Federal Foreign Office of Germany, analyzed the transnational connectivity of violent right-wing extremist (vXRW) and terrorist movements in five European countries and the United States. This latest briefing paper provides a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the various online ecosystems that underpin and connect networks within this transnational movement. It also explores the current situation and regulatory developments and discusses the various challenges encountered by governments and industry. The paper concludes by giving a range of policy options to counter this threat.

Authors: Dr. Hans-Jakob Schindler, Alexander Ritzmann, and Marco Macori

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