Overview
Hossein Salami is the commander-in-chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. He took over the role in April 2019 from Mohammed Ali Jafari.Rick Gladstone, “Iran’s Supreme Leader Replaces Head of Revolutionary Guards,” New York Times, April 21, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/world/middleeast/iran-revolutionary-guards-leader.html; “Major General Hossein Salami: Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps,” United Against Nuclear Iran, accessed August 25, 2021, https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/major-general-hossein-salami-commander-chief-of-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps.
Salami joined the IRGC upon the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq War in September 1980. That year, he joined the IRGC’s Isfahan branch and fought against Iraq from Iranian Kurdistan. He was promoted to commander and led the Karbala and 14th Imam Hussein divisions before taking command of the naval Nouh headquarters. Following the end of the Iran-Iraq War, Salami completed a master’s degree in defense management at the staff college of Islamic Republic of Iran Army. He went on to serve as head of operations at the IRGC Joint Staff from 1997 to 2005.Ali Alfoneh, “Picking a new IRGC commander from the old guard,” The Arab Weekly (London), April 28, 2019, https://thearabweekly.com/picking-new-irgc-commander-old-guard; “Major General Hossein Salami: Commander-in-Chief of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps,” United Against Nuclear Iran, accessed August 25, 2021, https://www.unitedagainstnucleariran.com/major-general-hossein-salami-commander-chief-of-islamic-revolutionary-guard-corps.
Salami is the subject of international sanctions in relation to Iran’s nuclear program. The U.N. Security Council imposed economic sanctions on Salami—then commander of the IRGC’s air force—in December 2006 because of his involvement with Iran’s ballistic missile program.“Security Council Imposes Sanctions on Iran for Failure to Halt Uranium Enrichment, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 1737 (2006),” U.N. Security Council, December 23, 2006, https://www.un.org/press/en/2006/sc8928.doc.htm. The U.S. government sanction-designated Salami in October 2007 under Executive Order 13382, which specifically targets the assets of proliferators of weapons of mass destruction and their supporters.“Treasury and State Department Iran Designations Identifier Information Pursuant to E.O. 13224 (Terrorism) and E.O. 13382 (WMD) October 25, 2007,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, October 25, 2007, https://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Documents/hp644report.pdf. The European Union sanctioned Salami and seven other Iranian officials on April 12, 2021, for their response to the November 2019 demonstrations in Iran.Official Journal of the European Union, “COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION (CFSP) 2021/585 of 12 April 2021,” Eur-Lex, April 12, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.LI.2021.124.01.0007.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2021%3A124I%3ATOC; “Iran: Council concludes annual review of the EU’s Iran human rights sanctions regime,” European Council, April 12, 2021, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/04/12/iran-council-reviews-eu-human-rights-sanctions-regime/.
Salami was appointed deputy commander of the IRGC in 2009 after serving as commander of the IRGC Air Force for three years.Michael Segall, “New IRGC commander known for threats against US, Israel,” Jewish News Syndicate, April 24, 2019, https://www.jns.org/new-irgc-commander-known-for-threats-against-us-israel/. On April 21, 2019, Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khameini promoted Salami to the rank of major general and appointed him commander-in-chief of the IRGC.Rick Gladstone, “Iran’s Supreme Leader Replaces Head of Revolutionary Guards,” New York Times, April 21, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/21/world/middleeast/iran-revolutionary-guards-leader.html; “IRGC commander leaves sooner than expected,” Al-Monitor, April 22, 2019, https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2019/04/iran-irgc-new-commander-jafari-salami-khamenei-trump.html.
Salami is known for taking a hard line against Iran’s adversaries, particularly the United States and Israel. He has warned that Iran remains vigilant of its enemies’ plots and Iranian deterrence has forced the country’s enemies to change their strategies.“IRGC vigilant towards enemy plots: Commander,” Islamic Republic News Agency, September 15, 2015, https://en.irna.ir/news/81760617/IRGC-vigilant-towards-enemy-plots-Commander. After a January 2019 Israeli strike against Iranian targets in Syria, Salami said on Iranian television that Iran’s strategy is to wipe “the Zionist regime” off the political map.Parisa Hafezi, “Khamenei names new chief for Iran’s Revolutionary Guards,” Reuters, April 21, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-guards/khamenei-names-new-chief-for-irans-revolutionary-guards-idUSKCN1RX0JN. He has also predicted the collapse of the Saudi government.“Saudi Arabia to collapse over ‘sectarian’ policies: Iranian general,” Tehran Times, January 9, 2016, https://www.tehrantimes.com/news/252067/Saudi-Arabia-to-collapse-over-sectarian-policies-Iranian-general.
Salami has boasted of Iran’s military and strategic power. He has declared that Iran has become a regional power and is on the verge of becoming a world power.“IRGC General: Iran Becoming A World Power,” Tasnim News Agency, March 7, 2019, https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2019/03/07/1963512/irgc-general-iran-becoming-a-world-power. Salami has also stated his belief that Western hegemony over the Muslim world has ended and the Western powers face “dooms day,” having failed to curb Iran’s rise to power.“IRGC commander: Collapse of Western hegemony,” Islamic Republic News Agency, October 14, 2015, https://en.irna.ir/news/81799342/IRGC-commander-Collapse-of-Western-hegemony. Salami has in the past welcomed the prospect of military conflict with both the United States and Israel.Michael Segall, “Iran’s New Revolutionary Guards Commander Threatens the U.S. and Israel,” Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, April 24, 2019, http://jcpa.org/irans-new-revolutionary-guards-commander-threatens-the-u-s-and-israel/#sdendnote6sym; “Thousands rally in Iran on al-Quds day,” Al Jazeera, July 1, 2016, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/07/thousands-rally-iran-al-quds-day-160701140624059.html. After a February 13, 2019, car bombing killed 27 IRGC members in Iran, Salami declared that Iran would “break” the United States, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. He stated that the United States had already been defeated, while Israel was struggling to survive. According to Salami, Iran has “plans to defeat the world powers.”“Iran official warns Gulf countries of uprising if they continue to rely on the US,” Al Arabiya, March 3, 2019, https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2019/03/03/Iran-official-warns-Gulf-countries-of-uprising-if-they-continue-to-rely-on-the-US.html.
On September 14, 2023, French prosecutors filed a criminal complaint against Salami, IRGC Quds Force commander Ismail Ghaani, and Iranian Intelligence Minister smail Khatib. According to the complaint brought by six Iranian and Franco-Iranian plaintiffs, between December 2022 and January 2023 the three defendants issued death threats and justified terrorism against people supporting Iranian protests over the death of Mahsa Amini. Amini died in Iranian custody on September 16, 2022, for violating Iran’s female dress code.Agence France-Presse, “Iran Revolutionary Guards chief targeted in French criminal complaint,” France 24, September 14, 2023, https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230914-iran-revolutionary-guards-chief-targeted-in-french-criminal-complaint.
On April 1, 2024, a suspected Israeli airstrike targeted an Iranian consulate building in Damascus, Syria, killing seven IRGC commanders. Khamenei pledged on April 10 that Israel would be “punished.”“Iran says Israel bombs its embassy in Syria, kills commanders,” Reuters, April 2, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-bombs-iran-embassy-syria-iranian-commanders-among-dead-2024-04-01/; “Khamenei says Israel ‘must be punished’ for Syria embassy attack,” Reuters, April 10, 2024, https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/irans-khamenei-says-israel-must-be-punished-syria-embassy-attack-2024-04-10/. On April 13, 2024, Iran launched its first-ever direct attack on Israel, sending more than 300 drones and rockets toward the Jewish state. Israeli, U.S., and U.K. forces, along with regional allies, shot down 99 percent of the projectiles. The projectiles that did strike Israel caused minor damage to a military base and wounded a child in southern Israel. Iran labeled the attack a success.Faris Tanyos, Cara Tabachnick, and Tucker Reals, “Israel says Iran’s missile and drone attack largely thwarted, with ‘very little damage’ caused,” CBS News, April 14, 2024, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/iran-launches-drone-attack-toward-israel-idf-says/; Benoit Faucon, “Iranian President Hails Attack as ‘Lesson’ for Israel,” Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2024, https://www.wsj.com/livecoverage/israel-iran-strikes-live-coverage/card/iranian-president-hails-attack-as-lesson-for-israel-BVxr8zGc765oyK1yFQnW. Salami claimed the attack created a new paradigm in the region. He warned that if Israel attacks Iranian interests in the future, Iran will respond directly.Susannah George, “Iran crosses old red lines and sets ‘new equation’ with attack on Israel,” Washington Post, April 14, 2024, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2024/04/14/iran-israel-attack-missiles-drones/.
Associated Groups
- Extremist entity
- Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC)
- Read Threat Report
- Type(s) of Organization:
- Military, terrorist, transnational, violent
- Ideologies and Affiliations:
- Islamist, Khomeinist, Shiite, state actor
- Position(s):
- Commander-in-chief of the IRGC
The IRGC is an Iranian government agency tasked with defending the regime against internal and external threats. The IRGC uses secret police methods against its opponents within Iran, and terrorist tactics against its enemies abroad.
History
United States
The U.S. Department of the Treasury sanction-designated Hosein Salimi as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist under Executive Order 13382 on the basis of his relationship to the IRGC on October 25, 2007.“Recent OFAC Actions,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, October 25, 2007, https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/sanctions/OFAC-Enforcement/pages/20071025.aspx; “Fact Sheet: Designation of Iranian Entities and Individuals for Proliferation Activities and Support for Terrorism,” U.S. Department of the Treasury, October 25, 2007, https://m.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/hp644.aspx.
United Nations
The U.N. Security Council imposed financial sanctions on Hosein Salimi on December 23, 2006, in an annex to U.N. Security Council Resolution 1737 because of his involvement with Iran’s ballistic missile program.“Security Council Imposes Sanctions on Iran for Failure to Halt Uranium Enrichment, Unanimously Adopting Resolution 1737 (2006),” U.N. Security Council, December 23, 2006, https://www.un.org/press/en/2006/sc8928.doc.htm.
European Union
The European Union sanctioned Hossein Salami and seven other Iranian officials on April 12, 2021, for their response to the November 2019 demonstrations in Iran.Official Journal of the European Union, “COUNCIL IMPLEMENTING DECISION (CFSP) 2021/585 of 12 April 2021,” Eur-Lex, April 12, 2021, https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=uriserv%3AOJ.LI.2021.124.01.0007.01.ENG&toc=OJ%3AL%3A2021%3A124I%3ATOC; “Iran: Council concludes annual review of the EU’s Iran human rights sanctions regime,” European Council, April 12, 2021, https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2021/04/12/iran-council-reviews-eu-human-rights-sanctions-regime/.
Daily Dose
Extremists: Their Words. Their Actions.
Fact:
On October 7, 2023, Hamas invaded southern Israel where, in the space of eight hours, hundreds of armed terrorists perpetrated mass crimes of brutality, rape, and torture against men, women and children. In the biggest attack on Jewish life in a single day since the Holocaust, 1,200 were killed, and 251 were taken hostage into Gaza—where 101 remain. One year on, antisemitic incidents have increased by record numbers.